Sugar Syrup Calculator for Beekeepers (1:1 & 2:1)

Quickly work out how much sugar and water you need for 1:1 and 2:1 bee syrup. Choose your ratio, then either enter a sugar weight or a target final volume and we’ll do the rest.

Sugar Syrup Calculator

Select your syrup strength and calculation mode, then enter one value. We’ll estimate volumes using standard densities.

Enter the weight of granulated sugar you’ll use.

Sugar Syrup — FAQs

What’s the difference between 1:1, 1.6:1 and 2:1 (max) syrup?

1:1 = equal sugar and water by weight (≈50% w/w; density ≈ 1.23 kg/L). Best for spring stimulation and drawing comb.

1.6:1 = ~1.6 kg sugar per 1 L water (≈61.5% w/w; density ≈ 1.31 kg/L). This is the common beekeeper “heavy” recipe often called “2:1”.

2:1 (max) = near the solubility limit at ~20 °C (≈2.04 kg sugar per 1 kg water; ≈67% w/w; density ≈ 1.33 kg/L). Strongest mix; more prone to crystallising when cool.

Why do some beekeepers call 1.6:1 “2:1”?
In practice, “2:1” is often used as shorthand for a strong, late-season syrup. Many make that as ~1.6 kg per 1 L water because it dissolves easily and stores well, even though true chemical “2:1” at room temperature is closer to 2.0 kg per 1 kg water.
Do I need to heat the water?

1:1: heating isn’t necessary — stir until dissolved.

1.6:1 & 2:1 (max): use warm (not hot) water to help dissolve. Overheating can darken the syrup and isn’t needed.

How accurate are the volume estimates?
We use typical densities at ~20 °C:
  • 1:1 ≈ 1.23 kg/L
  • 1.6:1 ≈ 1.31 kg/L
  • 2:1 (max) ≈ 1.33 kg/L
Actual volume varies with temperature, grain size, and mixing method.
When should I feed 1:1, 1.6:1 or 2:1 (max)?

1:1: spring/early season for stimulation and comb building.

1.6:1: late summer/early autumn to build stores quickly with good handling.

2:1 (max): when you need the strongest mix and are happy to manage crystallisation risk.

Can I store sugar syrup, and for how long?
Fresh is best. If you must store, keep in clean, sealed containers out of sunlight and use within 1–2 weeks. Discard if it ferments, smells off, or shows mould.
Should I use white or brown sugar?
Use white granulated sugar. Avoid brown or unrefined sugars as minerals and by-products can upset bees.
How much should I feed?
It depends on colony strength, stores, and season. Weigh hives or inspect combs; ensure adequate stores before winter (varies by hive type and region). Feed in smaller, regular amounts to reduce robbing risk.
What if my syrup crystallises?
Re-warm gently and stir to redissolve. Crystallisation is more likely with 2:1 (max) and in cold conditions. Using 1.6:1 reduces the risk.
Can I add preservatives (e.g. thymol) to stop fermentation?
Some beekeepers add a thymol-based preservative to reduce fermentation. If you do, follow the product’s instructions carefully and use food-grade ingredients. Avoid additives when honey supers are on.
Can I feed syrup while honey supers are on?
Generally no. Feeding during a nectar flow risks contaminating the crop. Remove supers before feeding or use fondant outside the honey-producing period.
Which feeders work best for thick syrup?
Top feeders and large contact feeders handle 1.6:1 and 2:1 (max) well. Ensure good bee access, minimal drowning risk, and weather protection.