Winter Feeding Bees in the UK — Syrup, Fondant & Stores
When to feed, what to use (2:1 syrup in autumn, fondant in winter), where to place it, how to check stores, and common mistakes to avoid.
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Winter Feeding Bees in the UK — Fondant, Syrup & Stores Explained
Strong colonies can still starve in winter if their food runs out. Learn when and how to feed, what to use (syrup vs fondant), and how to avoid common mistakes.
Why feeding matters in winter
- No forage available: Bees can’t collect nectar once temperatures drop.
- Cluster behaviour: Colonies form a tight cluster and only move slowly across stores.
- Risk of starvation: Even strong hives die if they run out of food within reach.
Autumn feeding (syrup)
In the UK, autumn feeding starts after the honey harvest (late August–September). This ensures bees have sealed stores before cold weather sets in.
- Use 2:1 sugar syrup (two parts sugar to one part water).
- Feed quickly and heavily so colonies store it while nights are still warm.
- Use contact or rapid feeders to avoid robbing.
👉 Use our Sugar Syrup Calculator to mix the right amounts.
Winter feeding (fondant)
From late December through early spring, syrup is no longer suitable — bees can’t process liquid feed when it’s cold. Instead, use fondant or bee candy placed directly above the cluster.
- Place fondant over the feed hole in the crownboard or on top of frames.
- Use 1–2kg blocks, check monthly, and replace as needed.
- Keep it close to the bees so they can reach it without breaking cluster.
How to check if colonies need feeding
- Hefting: Lift the hive gently from behind. Light hives may be running out of food.
- Quick inspections: On warmer winter days, open briefly and check for visible stores.
- Early spring risk: Most colonies starve in late winter/early spring when brood rearing starts and stores run out.
Common mistakes
- Feeding syrup too late in autumn → bees can’t ripen or seal it, risking fermentation.
- Placing fondant too far from the cluster → bees can’t reach it in cold weather.
- Assuming strong colonies don’t need help → bigger colonies often consume more stores.
Quick checklist
- Feed 2:1 syrup in autumn until hives are heavy with sealed stores.
- Switch to fondant in winter, placed directly over the cluster.
- Heft hives monthly and top up if light.
- Watch out in early spring — starvation risk is highest when brood rearing restarts.
More seasonal resources: Hive How-Tos
FAQ
When should I start feeding bees in autumn?
Start after the honey harvest, usually late August–September. Use 2:1 sugar syrup so bees can store enough sealed food before cold weather.
Can I feed syrup in winter?
No. Bees can’t process liquid syrup once temperatures drop. Use fondant or bee candy instead.
Where do I put fondant in the hive?
Place fondant directly above the cluster, over the crownboard feed hole or on top of the frames, so bees can access it without breaking cluster.
How do I know if my bees need feeding?
Heft the hive regularly — if it feels light, add fondant. Quick checks on warmer days help too. The biggest risk is late winter/early spring starvation.
Do strong colonies need feeding?
Yes. Large colonies consume more food and are at greater risk if stores run out. Always check, no matter how strong the hive looks.